Biotin is also called vitamin B7, vitamin H and coenzyme R.It was identified in 1941 as an essential nutrient in mammals.Humans and other mammals cannot synthesize biotin and must obtain exogenous biotin from food through intestinal absorption or synthesize endogenous biotin through Escherichia coli.
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- Physiological functions
Biotin main physiological function is: in the bicarbonate dependence carboxylation reactions as a coenzyme carboxylase in lipid, sugar, amino acids, and play an important role in energy metabolism, the intake of biotin is closely related to maintain normal skin mucous membrane, hair, help maintain constant nutrient metabolism and normal psychological function.In addition, biotin intake plays an important role in insulin secretion, blood glucose (blood pressure, blood lipid) regulation, immune promotion and other aspects.2. Reasons and performance of the deficiency
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Biotin comes from a wide range of sources and can be synthesized by gut bacteria, and biotin deficiency is very rare in humans and animals.The main reasons for biotin deficiency are :(1) eating habits for raw or boiled eggs.(2) Long-term use of antibiotics, such as sulfanilamide antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs, can inhibit the synthesis of biotin by intestinal bacteria, which will cause biotin deficiency disease when insufficient biotin uptake in food.(3) Long-term use of total intravenous nutrition and neglect of the addition of biotin in infusion.(4) Long-term use of anticonvulsant drugs.
The early manifestation of biotin deficiency includes dermatitis around the mouth, conjunctivitis, depilation, atrophy of tongue nipple, graying of mucosa, numbness, mental depression, fatigue, muscle pain, and even ataxia.Individual serious person, can be in 3-6 months eyebrow, eyelash, hair is stripped, become “biotin lacks face”.In lactating infants, biotin deficiency may occur due to low biotin content in breast milk.The most typical symptom is the baby takes off scurf sex erythroderma and seborrheic dermatitis, still can appear anorexia, muscle ache, anaemia wait for a phenomenon, the curative effect after compensatory biotin is remarkable.
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- Major food sources
Biotin is widely found in natural foods, and relatively abundant foods include cereals, nuts, egg yolks, yeast, animal innards, legumes and some vegetables.Biotin content in different foods varies greatly, and is affected by season and processing mode. Biotin binding protein in grain is not easy to be degraded, and its utilization rate may be lower than that of animal food.
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